How should chemotherapy extravasation be managed?

Managing chemotherapy extravasation involves several critical steps to minimize tissue damage and promote recovery. The correct approach includes stopping the infusion immediately to prevent further leakage of the chemotherapy agent into the surrounding tissues, which can cause significant harm. After stopping the infusion, aspirating the extravasated drug, if possible, is vital because it helps to remove the drug from the tissue, reducing its concentration and potential for damage.

Applying cold compresses to the area is also an important step in management. Cold therapy can help to constrict blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the area and thereby decreasing the extent of the extravasation's effects. Additionally, notifying the physician promptly is essential for further assessment and management, including possible administration of specific antidotes or interventions tailored to the drug involved.

In contrast, continuing the infusion and merely monitoring the site can lead to severe complications, as damage from the extravasated drug may worsen. Applying heat and simply monitoring for symptoms is inappropriate because heat can increase blood flow to the area, exacerbating tissue damage. While some chemotherapy agents have specific antidotes, immediate administration is not always indicated for all drugs; thus, a more comprehensive approach is needed which includes assessing the specific context and involvement of the physician for proper management.